History of Modern Genocide—Outline

History of Modern Genocide—Outline

Anti-Semitism

Roots

Roman Policy towards Judaism (Gager, 1983)

Threat to law and order

Taxes and other forms of unfair imposition

Bar Cochba Revolt

Christian Policy towards Judaism (Gager)

The conflict of Christ

Implications in a Christianized Roman Empire

Development

Fundamental belief in inequality (Friedlander, 1995)

Founding fathers

Ideas of Gustave Le Bon, 1879; Carl Vogt, 1864

Power and the merits of evolution (Friedlander)

Anthropometric techniques

Ideas of Italian Criminal Anthropologist Cesare Lombroso

Holocaust

Causes

Race hygienist and Eugenics (Friedlander)

Weimar Republic Shame (Friedlander)

Implementation

Removal of Jews from civil service (Hilberg, 1992)

Euthanasia of patients with a terminal illness (Hilberg)

Resistance and compliance in Holocaust Europe (Hilberg)

Genocide of Ethnic Groups in 1994 Rwanda

Tribal roots (Adelman & Suhrke, 1999)

Role of the Rwandan Government (Adelman & Suhrke)

Reflections of Romeo Dallaire (Dallaire & Beardsley, 2005)

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in Rwanda and Nazi Germany (Dallaire & Beardsley)

Comparison

Fundamental extermination based on hatred and intolerance

Only stopped through international intervention

Action was too little, too late for thousands

Contrast

Scientific justifications of Nazis

Organization of Nazis in concentration camps

Regional conflict in Rwanda v. Global conflict in WWII

International Community

Powers

American policies (Waxman, 2009)

International policies (Waxman)

Limits

Speed of action based on the UN Security Council process (Dallaire & Beardsley)

Lack of laws to legitimate intervention (Waxman)

Coordinating an effective plan of action (Waxman)

References

Adelman, H., & Suhrke, A. (1999). The path of a genocide: the Rwanda crisis from Uganda to Zaire. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.

Dallaire, R., & Beardsley, B. (2003). Shake hands with the devil: the failure of humanity in Rwanda. Toronto: Random House Canada.

Friedlander, H. (1995). The origins of Nazi genocide: from euthanasia to the final solution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Gager, J. G. (1983). The origins of anti-semitism: attitudes toward Judaism in Pagan and Christian antiquity. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hilberg, R. (1992). Perpetrators, victims, bystanders: the Jewish catastrophe, 1933-1945. New York, NY: Aaron Asher Books.

Waxman, M. C. (2009). Intervention to stop genocide and mass atrocities: international norms and U.S. policy. New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations.